🔬 Science Sep 9, 2026 · Tom Metcalfe

World's oldest evidence of habitual drug use traced back 25,000 years to Indonesia

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World's oldest evidence of habitual drug use traced back 25,000 years to Indonesia
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The world's oldest known habitual drug use can be traced to an island in Indonesia, where ice age hunter-gatherers sucked on betel nuts — palm seeds that contain a neuroactive substance, a new study finds. Scientists made the discovery after studying strange grooves in the teeth of two prehistoric hunter-gatherers. The deep grooves were caused by regularly sucking on betel nuts (Areca catechu), likely for relief from the pain of toothache, according to the study, which was published Wednesday (S

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