🔬 Science Aug 12, 2026 · Isabelle Dumé

Physicists extend Hawking’s black hole laws to dynamical objects

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Physicists extend Hawking’s black hole laws to dynamical objects
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The event horizons of black holes that are far from equilibrium can now be described by the first and second laws of thermodynamics thanks to new work by theoretical physicists at Pennsylvania State University in the US. The result augments the work of the late Stephen Hawking and others who showed in the 1970s that these classical concepts have applications in idealized, static black holes.
Black holes are objects so dense that their gravitational pull prevents anything – even light – from esca

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