Sovereignty without control: Sudan, gold and the limits of international law
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In 2024, as Sudan reeled from one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises, UAE imports of its gold jumped by 70%. Millions had been displaced, tens of thousands killed, yet the gold kept flowing: refinery-bound, market-ready, and largely unquestioned.
Sudan’s contemporary gold economy has become one of the most significant sites of violence, coercion, and resource extraction in the region. Since the early 2010s, gold has financed armed actors, shaped patterns of labour exploitation, and l
Sudan’s contemporary gold economy has become one of the most significant sites of violence, coercion, and resource extraction in the region. Since the early 2010s, gold has financed armed actors, shaped patterns of labour exploitation, and l
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