Strain engineered single crystal silver films
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It is straightforward to produce polycrystalline metal films on wafers but producing single‑crystal metal films is far more challenging. Because single crystals have no grain boundaries (the joints between differently oriented crystal regions in polycrystalline materials), they offer much better electrical performance: higher conductivity, lower resistive losses, improved high‑frequency behaviour (important for high‑speed communication and 5G), and reduced noise for quantum technologies. As a re
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